Pathogenesis

Myint H, Copplestone JA, Orchard J, Craig V, Curtis D, Prentice AG, Hamon MD, Oscier DG, Hamblin TJ.

Fludarabine-related autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Br J Haematol 91:2 Oct, 1995: 341-344.
Description: This paper is one of the first descriptions of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) treated with fludarabine and potential mechanisms of causality.

Fagiolo E, Toriani-Terenzi C.

Mechanisms of immunological tolerance loss versus erythrocyte self-antigens and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Autoimmunity 36 (4): June 2003: 199-204.
Description: This paper reviews potential mechanisms of autoimmune hemolytic anemia on a cellular level.

Wright MS.

Drug-induced hemolytic anemias: increasing complications to therapeutic interventions.
Clin Lab Science 12: 1999: 115-118.
Description: This paper discusses severe drug-induced immune hemolysis caused by several different classes of drugs.

NIH conference.

Pathophysiology of immune hemolytic anemia.
Ann Inter Med 87 (2): Aug 1977: 210-222.
Description: This paper reviews what is known regarding the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia from a cellular level.

Diagnosis

Coombs RRA, Mourant AE, Rrace RR.

A new test for the detection of weak and “incomplete” Rh agglutinins.
Br J Exp Path 26: 1945: 255-266.
Description: This is the original paper describing the methodology and purpose of the Coombs test.

Marchand A, Galen RS, Van Lente F

The predictive value of serum haptoglobin in hemolytic disease.
Jama 243:19 May 16, 1980: 1909-1911.
Description: This paper describes the sensitivity and specificity of using serum haptoglobin in predicting hemolytic disease

Treatment

Zecca M, Nobili B,Ramenghi U,Perrotta S,Amendola G,Rosito P,Jankovic M,Pierani P,De Stefano P, Bonora MR, and Locatelli F.

Rituximab for the treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children.
Blood 101: May 2003: 3857 - 3861.
Description: This paper describes the course of 15 pediatric patients with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia treated with rituximab.

Howard J, Hoffbrand AV, Prentice HG, Mehta A

Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of refractory auto-immune haemolytic anaemia and auto-immune thrombocytopenia purpura.
Br J Haematol 117:3 Jun, 2002: 712-715.
Description: This paper describes the use of the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia refractory to first-line management.

Review

Buchanan GR, Boxer LA, Nathan DG.

The acute and transient nature of idiopathic immune hemolytic anemia in childhood.
J Pediatr 88:5 May, 1976: 780-783.
Description: This is one of the few reviews that describes the pattern of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the pediatric population.

Gehrs BC, Friedberg RC.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Am J Hematol 69:4 Apr, 2002: 258-271.
Description: This is a comprehensive review of the classifications of AIHA, and the respective causal antibodies, demographics, etiology, clinical presentation, laboratory evaluation and treatment options.

Pirofsky B Clin.

Immune haemolytic disease: The autoimmune haemolytic anaemias.
Haematol 4, 1975: 167.
Description: This is one of the first reviews to describe the complexity of diagnosis and mechanisms of hemolytic anemia. It provided an algorithm for steroid treatment and second-line therapies that is often still used today.

Rosse WF, Adams JP.

The variability of hemolysis in the cold agglutinin syndrome.
Blood 56:3 Sep, 1980: 409-416.
Description: This paper reviews the course of patients with cold agglutinin syndrome.

Mauro FR. Foa R. Cerretti R. Giannarelli D. Coluzzi S. Mandelli F. Girelli G.<

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic features.
Blood. 95: 1 May, 2000:2786-92.
Description: This is a comprehensive review of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

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