Important articles

Roubey RA.

Autoantibodies to phospholipid-binding plasma proteins: A new view of lupus anticoagulants and other “antiphospholipid” autoantibodies.
Blood 1994;84:2854-2867.
Description: Description of the significance of specific plasma proteins associated with phospholipids in APL syndromes.
PubMed citation number: 7949161

Brandt JT, Triplett DA, Alving B, Scharrer I.

Criteria for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants: an update. On behalf of the Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Antibody of the Scientific and Standardisation Committee of the ISTH.
Thromb Haemost. 1995;74:1185–1190.
PubMed citation number: 8560433

Wilson WA, Gharavi AE, Koike T, Lockshin MD, Branch DW, Piette JC, Brey R, Derksen R, Harris EN, Hughes GR, Triplett DA, Khamashta MA.

International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop.
Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:1309–1311.
PubMed citation number: 10403256

Hanly JG, Smith SA.

Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (GPI) autoantibodies, annexin V binding and the anti-phospholipid syndrome.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2000;120:537–543.
Description: This paper describes the role of annexin V disruption by anti-beta2 GPI antibodies in the pathogenesis of the APS.
PubMed citation number: 10844535

Cervera R; Piette JC; Font J; Khamashta MA; Shoenfeld Y; Camps MT; Jacobsen S; Lakos G; Tincani A; Kontopoulou-Griva I; Galeazzi M; Meroni PL; Derksen RH; de Groot PG; Gromnica-Ihle E; Baleva M; Mosca M; Bombardieri S; Houssiau F; Gris JC; Quere I; Hachulla E; Vasconcelos C; Roch B; Fernandez-Nebro A; Boffa MC; Hughes GR; Ingelmo M.

Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients.
Arthritis Rheum 2002 Apr;46(4):1019-27.
Description: A large descriptive study correlating the broad spectrum of manifestations of APS to gender, age of onset, and associations with SLE.
PubMed citation number: 11953980

Crowther MA, Ginsberg JS, Julian J, Denburg J, Hirsh J, Douketis J, Laskin C, Fortin P, Anderson D, Kearon C, Clarke A, Geerts W, Forgie M, Green D, Costantini L, Yacura W, Wilson S, Gent M, Kovacs MJ.

A comparison of two intensities of warfarin for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1133–1138.
Description: This prospective randomized comparison of low and high-intensity warfarin concludes that moderate-intensity warfarin (INR 2-3) is appropriate for patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Previously, a retrospective study (N Engl J Med 1995 Apr 13;332(15):993-7. PMID- 7885428) had suggested the superiority of high intensity (INR>3) over low intensity warfarin or aspirin.
PubMed citation number: 13679527

Review articles

Rand JH.

The antiphospholipid syndrome.
Annu Rev Med. 2003;54:409–424
Decription: This reviews the pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome.
PubMed citation number: 12414917

Galli M, Luciani D, Bertolini G, Barbui T.

Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature.
Blood. 2003;101:1827–1832.
Description: This literature review concludes that detection of lupus anticoagulants and, possibly, of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies at medium or high titers helps to identify patients at risk for thrombosis.
PubMed citation number: 12393574

Avcin T; Cimaz R; Meroni PL.

Recent advances in antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndromes in pediatric populations.
Lupus 2002;11(1):4-10.
Description: This review summarizes the recent data on the prevalence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid syndrome in neonates, children and adolescents.
PubMed citation number: 1189891

Sammaritano LR.

Update on the management of the pregnant patient with antiphospholipid antibody.
Curr Rheumatol Rep 2001 Jun;3(3):213-21
Description: Management of the pregnant patient with antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) is reviewed, with emphasis on recent randomized controlled clinical trials.
PubMed citation number: 11352790

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