Hairy Cell Leukemia
Diagnosis
Hairy cell leukemia: a clinical review based on 71 cases.
Golomb HM, Catovsky D, Golde DW.
Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:677-683.
Description: Early review article.
PubMed citation number: 717940
The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia in bone marrow and spleen.
Burke JS, Rappaport H.
Semin Oncol. 1984;11:334-346.
Description: Describes typical and atypical pathologic features of HCL in cases at the City of Hope National Medical Center.
PubMed citation number: 6505703
The immunophenotype of hairy cell leukemia (HCL): proposal for a scoring system to distinguish HCL from B-cell disorders with hairy or villous lymphocytes.
Matutes E, Morilla R, Owusu-Ankomah K, Houliham A, Meeus P, Catovsky D.
Leuk Lymphoma. 1994;14:57-62.
Description: Establishes flow cytometric markers in the diagnosis of HCL (note: see review articles below for an updated marker classification).
PubMed citation number: 7820054
Treatment
PENTOSTATIN
Pentostatin in the treatment of advanced hairy cell leukemia.
Kraut EH, Bouroncle BA, Grever MR.
J Clin Oncol. 1989;7:168-172.
Description: Early report of pentostatin in 23 patients with HCL, most having undergone prior treatments. PubMed citation number: 2783731
Long-term results with 2'-deoxycoformycin in hairy cell leukemia.
Catovsky D, Matutes E, Talavera JG, et al.
Leuk Lymphoma. 1994;14:109-113.
Description: Phase 2 trial of pentostatin in 159 patients with HCL, most with prior splenectomy and/or IFN-alpha treatment.
PubMed citation number: 7820041
Deoxycoformycin-induced immunosuppression in patients with hairy cell leukemia.
Urba WJ, Baseler MW, Kopp WC, et al.
Blood. 1989;73;38-46.
Description: Prospectively followed patients on treatment with pentostatin, and observed a decrease in several immunologic parameters during treatment.
PubMed citation number: 2783373
Long-term follow-up of patients with hairy cell leukemia after treatment with 2'-deoxycoformycin.
Kraut EH, Grever MR, Bouroncle BA.
Blood. 1994;84:4061-4063.
Description: Twenty-four patients followed for a median of 82 months after beginning treatment with pentostatin for HCL.
PubMed citation number: 7994024
CLADRIBINE
Lasting remissions in hairy cell leukemia induced by a single infusion of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine.
Piro LD, Carrera CJ, Carson DA, Beutler E.
N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1117-1121.
Description: Early study of cladribine in HCL.
PubMed citation number: 1969613
Weekly administration of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in patients with hairy-cell leukemia: a new treatment schedule effective and safer in preventing infectious complications.
Lauria F, Bocchia M, Marotta G, Raspadori D, Zinzani PL, Rondelli D.
Blood. 1997;89:1838-1839.
Description: New dosing schedule for cladribine that decreases myelosuppression while retaining efficacy. PubMed citation number: 9057674
Extended follow-up of patients with hairy cell leukemia after treatment with cladribine.
Goodman GR, Burian C, Koziol JA, Saven A.
J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:891-896.
Description: Describes outcomes over a 7-year follow-up period in 207 HCL patients treated with cladribine. PubMed citation number: 12610190
MONOCLONAL THERAPIES
Rituximab in relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia.
Thomas DA, O'Brien S, Bueso-Ramos C, et al.
Blood. 2003;102:3906-3911.
Description: Shows significant activity of rituximab with minimal toxicity in patients with relapsed/refractory HCL.
PubMed citation number: 12816862
Efficacy of the anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin BL22 in chemotherapy-resistant hairy-cell leukemia.
Kreitman RJ, Wilson WH, Bergeron K, et al.
N Engl J Med. 2001;345:241-247.
Description: Dose-escalation study of an anti-CD22 variable domain (Fv) fused to truncated pseudomonas exotoxin in patients with HCL who had failed treatment with purine analogs.
PubMed citation number: 11474661
Review
Newer Purine Analogues for the Treatment of Hairy-Cell Leukemia.
Saven A, Piro L.
N Engl J Med. 1994;330:691.
Description: Reviews the mechanism of action and uses of cladribine and pentostatin, along with a historical discussion of treatment options.
PubMed citation number: 7906385