Normal Mechanisms of Hemostasis
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology
Waterfall sequence for intrinsic blood clotting.
Davie EW, Ratnoff OD.
Science. 1964;145:1310-1312.
Description: One of 2 initial reports by independent investigators describing the fundamental basis of the coagulation cascade. While our understanding has evolved, their models hold true 40 years later.
PubMed citation number: 14173416
An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier.
Macfarlane RG.
Nature. 1964;202:498-499.
Description: Second of 2 initial reports by independent investigators describing the fundamental basis of the coagulation cascade. While our understanding has evolved, their models hold true 40 years later.
PubMed citation number: 14167839
Activation of factor IX by the reaction product of tissue factor and factor VII.
Østerud B, Rapaport S.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74:5260-5264.
Description: This was one of the the first demonstrations that factor IX is activated by the extrinsic pathway complex, tissue factor, and factor VII. This mode of factor IX activation proved to be clinically relevant and helps explain the bleeding diathesis of patients with hemophilia A and B.
PubMed citation number: 271951
Exposure of platelet fibrinogen receptors by ADP and epinephrine.
Bennett JS, Vilaire G.
J Clin Invest. 1979;64:1393-1401.
Description: This was one of the first studies to demonstrate that platelet agonists mediate platelet aggregation largely through the activation or exposure of fibrinogen receptors on the surface of platelets.
PubMed citation number: 574143
Human blood platelet adhesion to artery subendothelium is mediated by factor VIII-Von Willebrand factor bound to the subendothelium.
Sakariassen KS, Bolhuis PA, Sixma JJ.
Nature. 1979;279:636-638.
Description: This is one of the earliest studies that demonstrated the important role of von Willebrand factor in mediating platelet adhesion to artery subendothelium.
PubMed citation number: 313016
Inhibition of fibrinogen binding to stimulated human platelets by a monoclonal antibody.
Bennett JS, Hoxie JA, Leitman SF, Leitman SF, Vilaire G, Cines DB.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983;80:2417-2421.
Description: Using a monoclonal antibody that inhibits platelet aggregation, these investigators demonstrated that the fibrinogen receptor on platelets is the integrin, alpha IIb-IIIa. Their use of a monoclonal antibody that inhibits platelet aggregation by neutralizing platelet IIb-IIIa would later be applied to clinical settings such as percutaneous coronary interventions.
PubMed citation number: 6302680
Factor XI activation in a revised model of blood coagulation.
Gailani D, Broze GJ.
Science. 1991;253:909-912.
Description: This was one of the first studies to show that Factor XI can be activated by thrombin more efficiently than by Factor XII, partly explaining why patients with Factor XII deficiencies do not have a propensity to bleed.
PubMed citation number: 1652157
Factors IXa and Xa play distinct roles in tissue factor-dependent initiation of coagulation.
Hoffman M, Monroe DM, Oliver JA, Roberts HR.
Blood. 1995;86:1794-1801.
Description: The above study implements a physiologically relevant in vitro model of coagulation to demonstrate the importance of the platelet surface in coagulation and to dissect the distinct roles that Factor IX and X play in the generation of the thrombin burst.
PubMed citation number: 7655009
Initiation of platelet adhesion by arrest onto fibrinogen or translocation on von Willebrand factor.
Savage B, Saldivar E, Ruggeri ZM.
Cell. 1996;84:289-297.
Description: These investigators further characterized the kinetics of platelet IIb-IIIa binding to immobilized fibrinogen and glycoprotein Ib binding to von Willebrand factor under physiologically relevant flow conditions, thus better dissecting the relative roles of the above interactions in mediating arterial thrombosis.
PubMed citation number: 8565074
ADAMTS-13 rapidly cleaves newly secreted ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers on the endothelial surface under flowing conditions.
Dong JF, Moake JL, Nolasco L, et al.
Blood. 2002;100:4033-4039.
Description: This study provided direct evidence that the protease ADAMTS-13 is responsible for the rapid cleavage of ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers on the endothelial surface under flow conditions, which in part explains the clinical phenotypes of familial and acquired TTP, diseases characterized by an inherited deficiency of or acquired inhibitor to ADAMTS-13.
PubMed citation number: 12393397
Role of P-selectin and PSGL-1 in coagulation and thrombosis.
Vandendries ER, Furie BC, Furie B.
Thromb Haemost. 2004;92:459-466.
Description: Review of the roles of P-selection and PSGL-1 in coagulation and thrombosis as mediators of interactions between leukocytes or leukocyte microparticles and the endothelium.
PubMed citation number: 15351841
Treatment
Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy.
Buller HR, Agnelli G, Hull RD, Hyers TM, Prins MH, Raskob GE.
Chest. 2004;126:401S-428S.
Description: Evidence-based guidelines for antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy from the seventh ACCP conference.
PubMed citation number: 15383479
Novel antithrombotic agents: indirect synthetic inhibitors of factor Xa and direct thrombin inhibitors. Evidences from clinical studies.
Leone G, Rossi E, Leone AM, De Stefano V.
Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents. 2004;2:311-326.
Description: Summary of the characteristics of pentasaccharide fondaparinux (selective antithrombin-dependent factor Xa inhibitor); hirudin, bivalirudin, and argatroban (parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors); and inogatran, melagatran, and ximelagatran (oral thrombin inhibitors). Results of important clinical studies are reviewed. PubMed citation number: 15320782
Review
A brief historical review of the waterfall/cascade of blood coagulation.
Davie EW.
J Biol Chem. 2003;278:50819-50832.
Description: Review of the events and personalities involved in the characterization of the coagulation cascade by a key investigator, with emphasis on the relevant scientists and collaborative process.
PubMed citation number: 14570883
Von Willebrand factor, platelets and endothelial cell interactions.
Ruggeri, ZM.
J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1:1335-1342.
Description: Review of the function of VWF with summary of recent work describing its structural properties and the mechanisms of its interactions with other molecules. New understanding of how flow and the regulation of multimer size affect the processes of platelet activation and microvascular thrombosis is described.
PubMed citation number: 12871266
Blood coagulation and its regulation by anticoagulant pathways: genetic pathogenesis of bleeding and thrombotic diseases.
Dahlback B.
J Intern Med. 2005;257:209-223.
Description: Review of the normal mechanics of hemostasis via platelets and the coagulation factors with a brief summary of inherited and acquired thrombotic and bleeding disorders, their evaluation and their treatment. PubMed citation number: 15715678
Progress in the understanding of the protein C anticoagulant pathway.
Dahlback B.
Int J Hematol. 2004;79:109-116.
Description: Detailed review of the role of protein C in the coagulation system and its regulation. Also described are the genetic defects affecting the protein C system as well as our current understanding of the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic potential of the protein C system.
PubMed citation number: 15005336
Regulation of vascular bed-specific prothrombotic potential.
Edelberg JM, Christie PD, Rosenberg RD.
Circ Res. 2001;89:117-124.
Description: Review of the role of endothelial cells and properties of the vascular bed on hemostais and thrombosis. The effects of local endothelial regulation and the interaction with systemic processes are described in the context of prothrombotic potential, and experimental models are described.
PubMed citation number: 11463717
The blood coagulation cascade.
Schenone M, Furie BC, Furie B.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2004;11:272-277.
Description: Review of the cogulation cascade with a summary of recent discoveries about Factors V and VIII, tissue factor, membrane interactions, and coagulation regulation, as well as discussion of directions for future investigation.
PubMed citation number: 15314527
Hemostasis during normal pregnancy and puerperium.
Hellgren M.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003;29:125-130.
Description: Review of the changes in the coagulation system during pregnancy and delivery.
PubMed citation number: 12709915